PMC

SEM and TEM images of PLGA nanoparticles produced by microchannel emulsification in a interdigital micromixer at different conditions.
Notes: (A) 10 milliseconds, Q_A =2Q_O, Tª emulsification =14°C; (B) 10 milliseconds, Q_A =2Q_O, Tª emulsification =17.5°C; (C and D) TEM images: 10 milliseconds, Q_A =2Q_O, Tª emulsification =17.5°C; (E) 10 milliseconds, Q_A =2Q_O, Tª emulsification =17.5°C and solvent evaporation using a magnetic stirrer (600 rpm) at RT; (F) 10 milliseconds, Q_A =2Q_O, Tª emulsification =17.5°C and solvent evaporation using a rotavapor at RT.
Abbreviations: PLGA, poly(d,l lactic-co-glycolic acid); RT, room temperature; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; TEM, transmission electron microscopy.

SEM images of PLGA nanoparticles produced by microchannel emulsification in a interdigital micromixer at different conditions.
Notes: (A) 20 ms, Q_A = 2Q_O, Tª emulsification =22°C; (B) 10 milliseconds, Q_A =2Q_O, Tª emulsification =22°C; (C) 10 milliseconds, Q_A =2Q_O, Tª emulsification =24°C; (D) 10 milliseconds, Q_A =3Q_O, Tª emulsification =22°C.
Abbreviations: PLGA, poly(d,l lactic-co-glycolic acid); SEM, scanning electron microscopy.

Schematic diagram of premix membrane emulsification apparatus and principle. (a) Premix membrane emulsification apparatus; (b) Premix membrane emulsification principle.

A. Before emulsification. B. After emulsification.